BERKUMUR DENGAN POVIDONE IODINE PADA PASIEN TERKONFIRMASI POSITIF COVID-19: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PADA PENELITIAN IN VIVO

Ira Liasari, R.Ardian Priyambodo

Abstract


Sejak ditemukannya SARS-CoV-2 di kota Wuhan, China pada tahun 2019 sampai saat penelitian ini dilakukan, pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) masih belum berakhir. Segala upaya pencegahan dan pengobatan dikerahkan untuk mengatasi pandemi. Berbagai penelitian dilakukan untuk menemukan metode maupun obat yang mampu mengatasi COVID-19, di antaranya penelitian mengenai efektivitas obat kumur antiseptik pada pasien terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19. Tidak sedikit tenaga medis yang menganjurkan penggunaan obat kumur antiseptik, khususnya yang mengandung Povidone Iodine. Beberapa artikel mengenai efektivitas obat kumur Povidone Iodine terhadap SARS-CoV-2 telah diterbitkan, sehingga perlu dilakukan review terhadap artikel-artikel tersebut.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas berkumur dengan Povidone Iodine pada pasien terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah systematic review dengan cara melakukan pencarian artikel penelitian terkait secara online melalui database PubMed, Science direct, dan Proquest. Proses seleksi artikel mengikuti protokol PRISMA, sedangkan analisis risiko bias menggunakan alat uji Risiko Bias Cochrane. Dari penelitian ini didapat 5 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 2 artikel memiliki risiko bias rendah, 2 artikel memiliki risiko bias yang mengkhawatirkan, dan 1 artikel memiliki risiko bias tinggi. Meskipun demikian, semua artikel menyatakan bahwa terdapat penurunan viral load yang signifikan pada saliva pasien setelah berkumur dengan Povidon Iodine jika dibandingkan dengan placebo atau pada kelompok kontrol. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa berkumur dengan Povidone Iodine pada pasien terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 memiliki potensi manfaat dalam menurunkan viral load SARS-CoV-2 sehingga dapat disarankan untuk digunakan sebagai obat kumur sebelum melakukan prosedur medis pada praktik kedokteran gigi maupun tindakan medis lainnya.

Kata kunci: SARS-CoV-2, COVID, systematic review, obat kumur, antiseptik


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32382/mkg.v20i1.2211

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