Review Artikel: Apoptosis Pada Kanker Payudara

Adryan Fristiohady; Ikra Agustina

doi:10.32382/mf.v16i2.1561

Review Artikel: Apoptosis Pada Kanker Payudara

Adryan Fristiohady, Ikra Agustina

Abstract

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breast, which is common in women. According to the American Cancer Society, about 41,760 women and 500 men died in 2019. The Data from the World Health Organization (2020) shows that breast cancer is the most cases in Indonesia, with a total of 58,256 out of 384,809 cases, and its prevention is one of the most important function of apoptosis. This review aims to provide an insight into apoptosis, stages, and genes that play the role and mechanisms in breast cancer. The method used is a literature study, both from primary and secondary literature and the searches was carried out using online-based library search tool such as NCBI-PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier. The data obtained was classified according to the framework, while the data on the relationship between apoptosis and breast cancer and the journal writing were carried out using the given format. Inadequate apoptosis is one of the mechanisms underlying tumor development. There are two signaling pathways in apoptosis such as extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. Furthermore, caspase plays a role on the extrinsic pathway, and members of the Bcl-2 family plays a role on the intrinsic pathway. Bcl2 are antiapoptotic and pro-apoptotic molecule. Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic are able to work with pro-proliferative signal to support breast cancer initiation and development. Furthermore, Bcl-2 pro-apoptosis support the apoptosis process, therefore it is able to remove excess or damaged cells.

Key words: Apoptosis, breast cancer, Bcl-2, Caspase.

Kanker payudara adalah kanker yang paling sering terjadi pada wanita. Menurut American Cancer Society, sekitar 41.760 wanita dan 500 pria diperkirakan meninggal akibat kanker payudara pada 2019. Data World Health Organization (2020) menunjukkan kasus kanker yang paling banyak terjadi di Indonesia adalah kanker payudara yakni 58.256 dari total 384.809 kasus kanker. Pencegahan kanker adalah salah satu fungsi utama apoptosis. Review jurnal ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan pandangan yang berkaitan dengan apoptosis, tahapan, gen yang berperan serta mekanismenya pada kanker payudara. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode studi pustaka, baik yang berasal dari pustaka primer maupun sekunder. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan menggunakan instrument pencarian pustaka berbasis online seperti NCBI-PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Elsevier. Data yang diperoleh kemudian disusun sesuai kerangka, data hubungan apoptosis dengan kanker payudara dan penulisan review jurnal dilakukan sesuai format yang diberikan. Ketidakcukupan apoptosis menjadi salah satu mekanisme yang mendasari perkembangan tumor. Terdapat dua jalur pensinyalan pada apoptosis; jalur ekstrinsik dan jalur intrinsik. Caspase berperan pada jalur ekstrinsik, dan anggota keluarga Bcl-2 berperan pada jalur intrinsik. Bcl2 dapat berupa molekul antiapoptosis dan pro-apoptosis. Bcl-2 anti-apoptosis dapat bekerja sama dengan sinyal pro-proliferatif untuk mendukung inisiasi dan perkembangan kanker payudara. Bcl-2 pro-apoptosis dapat mendukung proses apoptosis sehingga dapat menghilangkan sel-sel berlebih atau sel-sel yang rusak.

Kata kunci : Apoptosis, Kanker payudara, Bcl-2, Caspase.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32382/mf.v16i2.1561