Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jongaya Kota Makassar

Abstract

Evaluation of medication use among pregnant women at working area of Primary Health Center of Jongaya Makassar City

Medication taken by pregnant women deserved attention, because it can affect the fetus they are carrying. There was still a few research related to the evaluation of medication use among pregnant women in Makassar City. The objective of this study was to evaluate the medication use among pregnant women at working area of Primary Health Center of Jongaya based on safety parameters according to the FDA categories, the most widely used drug class, the regularity of taking medication, the relationship between the amount of medication and the regularity of taking medication, the relationship between the number of complaints and self-medication, and the relationship between the parity and self-medication. This research was descriptive analytic with cross sectional study approach. Data collection was carried out in June-August 2021. The number of samples was 76 respondents by using total sampling. The subjects were pregnant women at working area of the Primary Health Center of Jongaya. The instrument used in this study was the Briggs standard book for medication use among pregnant women. Statistical analysis using SPSS 20.0 software for Windows. The results of this study found that various classes of drugs that were often used were iron tablets (94.74%), vitamins (B12, B Comp, C) 80.26%, calcium (63.16%), analgesics (14.47%), supplements (10.53 %), and nausea drugs (6.68%). Some drugs, supplements whose use was not known, the irregularity in taking medication (40.8%), the relationship between the number of drugs and the regularity of taking medication was found to be not significant (p>0.05), the number of complaints, parity to self-medication was also not significant (p>0.05). The results of this study concluded that drugs used during pregnancy both with a doctor's prescription and self-medication are generally safe, but there are several drugs and supplements whose safety category is C and also unknown (N) according to the FDA.

Keywords : evaluation of medication use, pregnant women, self-medication, Primary Health Center of Jongaya Makassar City

Obat yang diminum oleh ibu hamil patut mendapatkan perhatian, karena obat yang diminum dapat mempengaruhi janin yang dikandungnya. Penelitian terkait evaluasi pengguanaan obat pada ibu hamil masih sedikit dilakukan di Kota Makassar. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan obat pada ibu hamil di wilayah Puskesmas Jongaya berdasarkan parameter keamanan menurut kategori FDA, golongan obat yang paling banyak digunakan, keteraturan minum obat, hubungan antara jumlah obat dan keteraturan minum obat, hubungan antara jumlah keluhan dan swamedikasi, dan hubungan antara paritas dan swamedikasi. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptik analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2021. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 76 responden. Sampel menggunakan total sampling. Subyek penelitian adalah ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jongaya. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Buku standar Briggs untuk penggunaan obat pada ibu hamil. Analisis statistik menggunakan bantuan software SPSS 20,0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menemukan terdapat golongan obat yang sering digunakan adalah tablet tambah darah (94,74 %), Vitamin (B12, B Comp, C) 80,26 %, kalsium (63,16 %), analgesik antipiretik (14,47 %), suplemen (10,53 %), dan obat mual (6.68 %). Beberapa obat, suplemen yang keamanan penggunaannya belum diketahui, ketidakteraturan minum obat (40,8%), hubungan antara jumlah obat dan keteraturan minum obat ditemukan tidak bermakna (p>0.05), jumlah keluhan, paritas terhadap swamedikasi juga tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p>0.05). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan obat-obat yang digunakan selama kehamilan baik dengan resep dokter maupun secara swamedikasi umumnya aman, namun terdapat beberapa obat, suplemen yang kategori keamanannya C dan juga belum diketahui (N) menurut FDA.

Kata kunci:  evaluasi penggunaan obat, ibu hamil, swamedikasi, Puskesmas Jongaya Kota Makassar